腹壁可触及肿物的超声辨认（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 疣尿管肾脏A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )疣尿管肾脏载于疣和大肠之间，举例来说位于疣尿管的下1/3 ，但也可载于至少位于疣下。这些肾脏可观感为完全无；也或低；也。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 绘出11A，疣尿管肾脏，此肾脏已受病毒感染，内部含有稀薄；也的气体。B，疣尿管肾脏，不稳的肾脏前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis乳房小肠异位Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).浸润乳房小肠异位是乳房移植手术后的长期合并症，无特殊观感，但可于以前移植手术的瘢痕不远处见一全局肿物，并有连续病态的呼吸困难和出血。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 绘出12 ，剖宫产伤疤不远处乳房小肠异位

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 浸润血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生于发作病态痉挛后、呕吐或癫痫发作后，其从根本上举例来说是抗凝治疗或出血病态结核病。由于血肿受到限制于腹直肌鞘内，举例来说不很大，其形状根据所不远处位置而定，在交叉本站以上，血肿常为卵圆形，长轴黄绿色上下方向，可于中间见到（绘出13A）；在交叉本站所列，由于腹白本站缺如，可扩展横过中都本站，因此血肿观感为分心形，其最大长度位于横轴上。在新生儿浸润血肿可载于疣上交叉扩展（绘出13B、C）。术后球状病态血管内凋亡的病人可于浸润移植手术瘢痕附近见到大的血肿（绘出13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 绘出13A，一中都年妇女更为严重痉挛后腹直肌鞘血肿，箭头引导腹横脾脏。B，新生儿浸润血肿。C，一新生儿疣微血管附着不远处上面的浸润血肿。UV，疣微血管。D，一球状病态血管内凋亡的剖宫产术后病人疤痕不远处浸润血肿。

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